Cshjoh



United States Patent Ofi ice 7, 3,127,344 Patented Mar. 31, 1964 3,127,344 DRILLING FLUIDS CONTAINING METHYLOL PHENOL DERIVATIVES Melvin De Groote, St. Louis, and Kwan-ting Shen, Brentwood, Mo., assignors to Petrolite Corporation, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Original application May 12, 1960, Ser. No. 28,514. Divided and this application Apr. 11, 1961, Ser. No. 102,092

16 Claims. (Cl. 252-8.5)

This application is a division of our copending application Serial No. 28,514, filed May 12, 1960, which latter application is a continuation-in-part' of our copending application Serial No. 730,510, filed April 24, 1958, now abandoned. See also our copending application Serial No. 804,088, filed April 6, 1959, now abandoned, which is a division of Serial No. 730,510. This invention relates to drilling fluids for wells containing (1) oxyalkyla-ted', (2) acy-lated, (3) oxyalkylated then acy-lated, (4) acylated then oxyalkylated, and (5) acylated, then oxyalkylated and then acylated, monomeric polyaminomethyl phenols. These substituted phenols are produced 'by a process which is characterized by reacting a preformed methylol phenol (i.e., formed prior to the addition of the polyamine) with at least one mole of a secondary polyarnine per equivalent of methylol group on the phenol, in the absence of an extraneous catalyst (in the case of an aqueous reaction mixture, the pH of the reaction mixture being determined solely by the methylol phenol and the secondary polya-mine), until about one mole of water per equivalent of methylol group is rei moved; and then reacting this product with (1) an oxyalkylating agent, (2) an acy-lating agent, (3) an oxyalkylating agent then an acylating agent, (4) an acylating agent then an oxyalkyl-ating agent or (5) an. acylating agent. then an oxyalkylating agent and then an acylating agent.

The reasons for the unexpected monomeric form and properties of the polya-minomethyl phenol are not understood. However, We have discovered that when a monomeric polyaminomethyl phenol is produced which is capable of being oxyalkylated, acylated, oxyalkylated then acylated, or acylated then oxvalkylated, or acylated, then oxyalk lated and then acylated to provide the su perior product employed in the compositions of this invention. All of the above five conditions are critical for the production of these monomeric polyaminornethyl phenols.

In contrast, if the methylol phenol is not preformed but is formed in the presence of the polyamine, or the preformed methylol phenol is condensed with the polyarnine in the presence of an extraneous catalyst, either acidic or basic, for example, basic or alkaline materials such as NaOH, Ca(OH) Na CO sodium methylate, etc., a polymeric product is formed. Thus, if an alkali metal phenate is employed in place of the free phenol, or even it a lesser quantity of alkali metal is present than is required to form the phenate, a polymeric product is formed. Where a polyamine containing only primary amino groups and no secondary amino groups is reacted with a methylol phenol, a polymeric product is also produced. Similarly, where less than one mole of secondary amine is reacted per equivalent of methylol group, a polymeric product is also formed.

In general, the monomeric polyaminomethyl phenols are prepared by condensing the methylol phenol with the secondary amine as disclosed above, said condensation being conducted at a temperature sufiic-iently high to eliminate water but below the pyrolytic point of the reactants and product, for example, at to 200 C., but preferably at to C. During the course of the condensation water can be removed by any suitable means, for example, by use of an azeotroping agent, reduced pressure, combinations thereof, etc. Measuring the water given off during the reaction is a convenient method of judging completion of the reaction.

The classes of methylol phenols employed in the condensation are as follows:

M0n0plzen0ls.-A phenol containing 1, 2 or 3 methylol groups in the ortho or para position (i.e., the 2, 4, 6 positions), the remaining positions on the ring containing hydrogen or groups which do not interfere with the polyamine-methylol group condensation, for example, alkyl, al-kenyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen, and alkoxy, etc., groups, and having but one nuclear linked hydroxyl group.

Diphen0ls.-One type is a diphenol containing two hydroxybenzene radicals directly joined together through the ortho or para (i.e., 2, 4, or 6) position with a bond joining the carbon of one ring with the carbon of the other ring, each hydroxybenzene radical containing 1 to 2 methylol groups in the 2, 4 or 6 positions, the remaining positions on each ring containing hydrogen or groups which do not interfere with the polyamine-methylol group condensation, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen, alkoxy, etc., groups, and having but two nuclear linked hydroxyl groups.

A second type is a diphenol containing two hydroxybenzene radicals joined together through the ortho or para- (i.e., 2, 4, or 6 position) with a bridge joining the carbon of one ring to a carbon of the other ring, said bridge being, for example, alkylene, alkylidene, oxygen, carbonyl, sulfur, sulfoxide and sulfone, etc., each hydroxybenzene radical containing 1 to 2 methylol groups in the 2, 4, or 6 positions, the remaining positions on each ring containing hydrogen or groups which do not interfere With the polya'minomethylol group condensation, for example alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen, alkoxy, etc., groups, and having but two nuclear linked hydroxyl groups.

The secondary polyamines employed in producing the 3 condensate are illustrated by the following general formula:

where at least one of the Rs contains an amino group and the Rs contain alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl radicals, and the corresponding radicals containing heterocyclic radicals, hydroxy radicals, etc. The Rs may also be joined together to form heterocyclic polyamines. The preferred classes of polyamines are the alkylene polyamines, the hydroxylated alkylene polyamines, branched polyamines containing at least three primary amino groups, and polyamines containing cyclic amidine groups. The only limitation is that there shall be present in the polyamine at least one secondary amino group which is not bonded directly to a negative radical which reduces the basicity of the amine, such as a phenyl group.

An unusual feature of the products employed in the compositions of the present invention is the discovery that methylol phenols react more readily under the herein specified conditions with secondary amino groups than with primary amino groups. Thus, where both primary and secondary amino groups are present in the same molecule, reaction occurs more readily with the secondary amino group. However, where the polyamine contains only primary amino groups, the product formed under reaction conditions as mentioned above is an insoluble resin. In contrast, where the same number of primary amino groups are present on the amine in addition to at least one secondary amino group, reaction occurs predominantly with the secondary amino group to form nonresinous derivatives. Thus, where trimethylol phenol is reacted with ethylene diamine, an insoluble resinous composition is produced. However, where diethylene triamine, a compound having just as many primary amino groups as ethylene diamine, is reacted, according to this invention a non-resinous product is unexpectedly formed.

The term monomeric as employed in the specification and claims refers to a polyaminomethylphenol contain ing within the molecular unit one aromatic unit corresponding to the aromatic unit derived from the starting methylol phenol and one polyamine unit for each methylol group originally in the phenol. This is in contrast to a polymeric or resinous polyaminomethyl phenol containing within the molecular unit more than one aromatic unit and/or more than one polyamino unit for each methylol group.

The monomeric products produced by the condensation of the methylol phenol and the secondary amine may be illustrated by the following idealized formula:

where A is the aromatic unit corresponding to that of the methylol reactant, and the remainder of the molecule is the polyaminomethyl radical, one for each of the original methylol groups.

This condensation reaction may be followed by oxyalkylation in the conventional manner, for example, by means of an alpha-beta alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, octylene oxide, a higher alkylene oxide, styrene oxide, glycide, methylglycide, etc., or combinations thereof. Depending on the particular application desired, one may combine a large proportion of alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, a combination or alternate additions or propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, or smaller proportions thereof in relation tothe methylol phenol-amine condensation product. Thus, the molar ratio of alkylene oxide to amine condensate can range within wide limits, for example, from a 1:1 molt ratio to a ratio of l000zl, or higher, but preferably 1 to 200. By proper control, desired hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties are imparted to the composition. As is well known, oxyalkylation reactions are conducted under a wide variety of conditions, at low or high pressures, at low or high temperatures, in the presence or absence of catalyst, solvent, etc. For instance oxyalkylation reactions can be carried out at temperatures of from 200 C., and pressures of from 10 to 200 psi, and times of from 15 min. to several days. Preferably oxyalkylation reactions are carried out at 80 to C. and 10 to 30 p.s.i. For conditions of oxyalkylation reactions see US. Patent 2,792,369 and other patents mentioned therein.

As in the amine condensation, acylation is conducted at a temperature sufficiently high to eliminate water and below the pyrolytic point of the reactions and the reaction products. In general, the reaction is carried out at a temperature of from to 280 C., but preferably at 140 to 200 C. In acylating, one should control the reaction so that the phenolic hydroxyls are not acylated. Because acyl halides and anhydrides are capable of reacting with phenolic hydroxyls, this type of acylation should be avoided. It should be realized that either oxyalkylation or acylation can be employed alone or each alternately, either one preceding the other. In addition, the amine condensate can be acylated, then oxyalkylated and then reacylated. The amount of acylation agent reacted will depend on reactive groups or the compounds and properties desired in the final product, for example, the molar ratios of acylation agent to amine condensate can range from 1 to 15, or higher, but preferably 1 to 4.

Where the above amine condensates are treated with alkylene oxides, the product formed will depend on many factors, for example, whether the amine employed is hydroxylated, etc. When the amines employed are nonhydroxylated, the amine condensate is at least susceptible to oxyalkylation through the phenolic hydroxyl radical. Although the polyamine is non-hydroxylated, it may have one or more primary or secondary amino groups which may be oxyalkylated, for example, in the case of tetraethylene pentamine. Such groups may or may not be susceptible to oxyalkylation for reasons which are ob scure. Where the non-hydroxylated amine contains a plurality of secondary amino groups, wherein one or more is susceptible to oxyalkylation, or primary amino groups, oxyalkylation may occur in those positions. Thus, in the case of the non-hydroxylated polyamines oxyalkylation may take place not only at the phenolic hydroxyl group but also at one or more of the available amino groups. Where the amine condensate is hydroxyalkylated, this latter group furnishes an additional position of oxyalkylation susceptibility.

The product formed in acylation will vary with the particular polyaminomethyl phenol employed. It may be an ester or an amide depending on the available reactive groups. If, however, after forming the amide at a temperature between 140250 C., but usually not above 200 C., one heats such products at a higher range, approximately 250-280 C., or higher, possibly up to 300 C. for a suitable period of time, for example, 1-2 hours or longer, one can in many cases recover a second mole of water for each mole of carboxylic acid employed, the first mole of water being evolved during amidification. The product formed in such cases is believed to contain a cyclic amidine ring such as an imidazoline or a tetrahydropyrirnidine ring.

Ordinarily the methods employed for the production of amino imidazolines result in the formation of substantial amounts of other products such as amido imidazolines. However, certain procedures are Well known by which the yield of amino imidazolines is comparatively high as, for example, by the use of a polyamine in which one of the terminal hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a low molal alkyl group or an hydroxyalkyl group, and by the use of salts in which the polyamine has been converted into a monosalt. such as combination with hydro chloric acid or paratoluene sulfonic acid. Other procedures involve reaction with a hydroxyalkyl ethylene diamine and further treatment of such irnidazoline having a hydroxyalkyl substituent with two or more moles of ethylene imine. Other well known procedures may be employed to give comparatively high yields.

Other very useful derivatives comprise acid salts and quaternary salts, derived therefrom. Since the compositions contain basic nitrogen groups, they are capable of reacting with inorganic acids, for example hydrohalogens (I-ICl, HBr, I-II), sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc., aliphatic acids (acetic, propionic, glycolic, diglycolic, etc.), aromatic acids (benzoic, salicylic, phthalic, etc.), and organic compounds capable of forming salts, for example, those having the general formula RX wherein R is an organic group, such as an alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, pentadecyl, oleyl, octadecyl, etc.), cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.), aralkyl (e.g., benzyl, etc.), aralkyl (e.g., benzyl, etc.), and the like, and X is a radical capable of forming a salt such as those derived from acids (e.g., halide, sulfate, phos phate, sulfonate, etc., radicals). The preparation of these salts and quarternary compounds is well known to the chemical art. For example, they may be prepared by adding suitable acids (for example, any of those mentioned herein as acylating agents) to solutions of the basic composition or by heating such compounds as alkyl halides with these compositions. Diacid and quaternary salts can also be formed by reacting alkylene dihalides, polyacids, etc. The number of moles of acid and quaternary compounds that may react with the composition of this invention will, of course, depend on the number of basic nitrogen groups in the molecule. These salts may be represented by the general formula N+X-, wherein N comprises the part of the compound containing the nitrogen group which has been rendered positively charged by the H or R of the alkylating compound and X represents the anion derived from the alkylating compound.

THE METHYLOL PHENOL As previously stated, the methylol phenols include monophenols and diphenols. The methylol groups on the phenol are either in or two ortho positions or in the para position of the phenolic rings. The remaimng phenolic ring positions are either unsubstituted or substituted with groups not interfering with the amine methylol condensation. Thus, the monophenols have 1, 2 or 3 methylol groups and the diphenols contain 1, 2, 3 or 4 methylol groups.

The following is the monophenol most advantageously employed:

H 0112- OH2OH CI-IzOH This compound, 2,4,6 trimethylol phenol (TMP) is available commercially in 70% aqueous solutions. The designation T MP is sometimes used to designate trimethylol propane. Apparently no confusion is involved, in light of the obvious dilferences.

A second monophenol which can be advantageously employed is:

H0 0132- CHnOH where R is an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon having, for example, 1-30 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tertbutyl, amyl, tort-amyl, hexyl, tert-hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, octo-decyl, etc., the corresponding unsaturated groups, etc.

The third monophenol advantageously employed is:

HOCH2 CHQOH where R comprises an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon as stated above in the second monophenol, for example, that derived from cardanol or hydrocarda- 1101.

The following are diphenol species advantageously employed:

One species is CHzOH CHzOH i R CHzOH CHzO'H where R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl, preferably methyl.

A second species is HOCH: CHZOH where R has the same meaning as that of the second species of the monophenols and R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl, preferably methyl.

We can employ a wide variety of methylol phenols in the reaction, and the reaction appears to be generally applicable to the classes of phenols heretofore specified. Examples of suitable methylol phenols include: Monophenols Diphenols:

$HzOH (1112011 JH2OH CHzOH (EHzOH $HZOH I CHzOH CHzOH 3H3 (3H I 3H2OH CHzOH CHzOH (1H3 (EH3 CIEHZOH HO-OCH OH JH2OH (3112011 OH OH HO oruom-O-omon I I CHzOH CHzOH ?H (1)11 110 CH2OCH2UCH2OH I I C12 2s C12 2s OH OH I ([1113 I HO CH2 ([3-- CH2OH CH3 I CHzOH OHZOH OH OH (EH3 HOCH2 CHzOH CH3 I CH CH OH OHI CHzOH IC s I i I CE: I 0112011 CHzOH (\JHzOH $1120 I lHzoH CHZOH (|)H (|)H HO orn-s.@-omou I CrzHzs CnHrs CHzOH CHzOH I H I I PH OH CH2OH 011201]: CHzOII I I? I I CHzOH CHZOII CHzOII CHEOH I I? I 0112011 CH2OH I JH2OH CHzOH Examples of additional methylol phenols which can be employed to give the useful products of this invention are described in The Chemistry of Phenolic Resins, by Robert W. Martin, Tables V and VI, pp. 32-39 (Wiley, 1956).

THE POLYAMINE As noted previously, the general formula for the polyamine is This indicates that a wide variety of reactive secondary polyamines can be employed, including aliphatic polyamines, cycloaliphatic polyamines, aromatic polyamines (provided the aromatic polyamine has at least one secondary amine which has no negative group, such as a phenyl group dnectly bonded thereto) heterocyclic polyamines and polyamines containing mixtures of the above groups. Thus, the term polyamine includes compounds having one amino group on one kind of radical, for ex ample, an aliphatic radical, and another amino group on the heterocyclic radical as in the case of the following formula:

NCH3

CHEN-C provided, of course, the polyamine has at least one secondary amino group capable of condensing with the methylol group. It also includes compounds which are totally heterocyclic, having a similarly reactive secondary amino group. It also includes polyamines having other elements besides carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, for example, those also containing oxygen, sulfur, etc. As previously stated, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are the alkylene polyamines, the hydroxylated alkylene polyamines and the amino cyclic amidines.

Polyamines are available comm rcially and can be prepared by well-known methods. It is well known that olefin dichlorides, particularly those containing from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, can be reacted with ammonia or amines to give alkylene polyamines. If, instead of using ethylene dichloride, the corresponding propylene, butylene, amylene or higher molecular Weight dichlorides are used, one then obtains the comparable homologues. One can also use alpha-omega dialkyl ethers such as CICH2OCHZCI; ClCH CH OCI-I CH Cl and the like. Such polyamines can be alkylated in the manner commonly employed for alkylating monoamines. Such alkylation results in products which are symmetrically or non-symmetrically allcylated. The symmetrically alkylated polyarnines are most readily obtainable. For instance, alkylated products can be derived by reaction between alkyl chlorides, such as propyl chloride, butyl chloride, amyl chloride, cetyl chloride, and the like and a polyamine having one or more primary amino groups. Such reactions result in the formation of hydrochloric acid, and hence the resultant product is an amine hydrochloride. The conventional method for conversion into the base is to treat with dilute caustic solution. Alkylation is not limited to the introduction of an alkyl group, but as a matter of fact, the radical introduced can be characterized by a carbon atom chain interrupted at least once by an oxygen atom. In other words, alkylation is accomplished by compounds which are essentially alkyoxyalkyl chlorides, as, for example, the following:

volving alkylene dichlorides and a mixture of ammonia and amines, or a mixture of two different amines are useful. However, one need not employ a polyamine having an alkyl radical. For instance, any suitable polyalkylene polyamine, such as an ethylene polyamine, a propylene polyamine, etc, treated with ethylene oxide or similar oxyalkylating agent are useful. Furthermore, various hydroxylated amines, such as monoethanolamine, monopropanolamine, and the like, are also treated with a suitable alkylene dichloride, such as ethylene dichloride, propylene dichloride, etc.

As to the introduction of a hydroxylated group, one can use any one of a number of well-known procedures such as alkylation, involving a chlorhydrin, such as ethylene chlorhydrin, glycerol chlorhydrin, or the like. Such reactions are entirely comparable to the alkylation reaction involving alkyl chlorides previously described. Other reactions involve the use of an alkylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, octylene oxide, styrene oxide or the like. Glycide is advantageously employed. The type of reaction just referred to is Well known and results in the introduction of a hydroxylated or polyhydroxylated radical in an amino hydrogen position. It is also possible to introduce a hydroxylated oxyhydrocarbon atom; for instance, instead of using the chlorhydrin corresponding to ethylene glycol, one employs the chlorhydrin corresponding to diethylene glycol. Similarly, instead of using the chlorhydrin corresponding to glycerol, one employs the chlorhydrin corresponding to diglycerol.

From the above description it can be seen that many of the above polyamines can be characterized by the general formula Where the Rs, which are the same or different, comprise hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkyloxyalkyl, hydroxylated alkyl, hydroxylated alkyloxyalkyl, etc., radicals, x is zero or a whole number of at least one, for example 1 to 10, but preferably 1 to 3, provided the polyamine contains at least one secondary amino group, and n is a whole number, 2 or greater, for example 2-10, but preferably 2-5. Of course, it should be realized that the amino or hydroxyl group may be modified by acylation to form amides, esters or mixtures thereof, prior to the methylol-amino condensation provided at least one active secondary amine group remains on the molecule. Any of 1% the suitable acylating agents herein described may be employed in this acylation. Prior acylation of the amine can advantageously be used instead of acylation subsequent to amine condensation.

A particularly useful class of polyamines is a class of branched polyamines. These branched polyamines are polyalkylene polyamines wherein the branched group is a side chain containing on the average at least one nitrogen-bonded aminoalkylene wherein R is an alkylene group such as ethylene, propylene, butylene and other homologues (both straight chained and branched), etc., but preferably ethylene; and x, y and z are integers, x being for example, from 4 to 24 or more but preferably 6 to 18, y being for example 1 to 6 or more but preferably 1 to 3, and z being for example 0-6 but preferably 0-1. The x and y units may be sequential, alternative, orderly or randomly distributed.

The preferred class of branched polyamines includes those of the formula I J NHg D.

where n is an integer, for example 1-20 or more but preferably 1-3, wherein R is preferably ethylene, but may be propylene, butylene, etc. (straight chained or branched).

The particularly preferred branched polyamines are presented by the following formula:

The radicals in the brackets may be joined in a headto-head or a head-to-tail fashion. Compounds described by this formula wherein ru=13 are manufactured and sold by Dow Chemical Company as Polyamines N-400, N-SOO, N-IZOO, etc. Polyamine N-400 has the above formula wherein m=1 and was the branched polyamine employed in all of the specific examples.

The branched polyamines canbe prepared by a Wide variety of methods. One method comprises the reaction of ethanolamine and ammonia under pressure over a fixed bed of a metal hydrogenation catalyst. By controlling the conditions of this reaction one can obtain various amounts of piperazine and polyamines as Well as the branched chain polyalkylene polyamine. This process is described in Australian Patent No. 42,189 and in the East German Patent 114,480 (March 17, -8) reported in Chem. Abstracts, August 10, 1958, 14129.

The above polyarnines modified with higher molecular weight aliphatic groups, for example, those having from Suitable polyamines also include polyamines wherein the alkylene group or groups are interrupted by an oxygen radical, for example,

R x R or mixtures of these groups and alkylene groups, for example,

R X R where R, n and x has the meaning previously stated for the linear polyarnine.

For convenience the alphatic polyamines have been classified as nonhydroxylated and hydroxylated alkylene polyamino amines. The following are representative members of the nonhydroxylated series:

Diethylene triamine,

Dipropylene triamine,

Dibutylene triamine, etc.

Triethylene tetramine,

Tripropylene tetramine,

Tributylene tetramine, etc.,

Tetraethylene pentamine,

Tetrapropylene pentamine,

Tetrabutylene pentamine, etc.,

Mixtures of the above,

Mixed ethylene, propylene, and/ or butylene, etc., polyamines and other members of the series.

NHg

830 or more carbon atoms, a typical example of which is II H II NH -C H4NC H4N-CzH4NC Ha3 where the aliphatic group is derived from any suitable source, for example, from compounds of animal or vegetable origin, such as coconut oil, tallow, tall oil, soya, etc., are very useful. In addition, the polyamine can contain other alkylene groups, fewer amino groups, addi tional higher aliphatic groups, etc., provided the polyamine has at least one reactive secondary amino group. Compositions of this type are described in US. Patent 2,267,205.

Other useful aliphatic polyamines are those containing substitued groups on the chain, for example, aromatic groups, heterocylic groups, etc., such as a compound of the formula RN(ZNI-I)1H where R is alkyl and Z is an alkylene group containing phenyl groups on some of the alkylene radicals since the phenyl group is not attached directly to the secondary amino group.

In adidtion, the alkylene group substituted with a hydroxy group N C zHaN CgHgN H CzHa separating trap condenser, heating mantle, etc. 70% aqueous 2,4,6 trimethylol phenol which can be prepared by conventional procedures or purchased in the open market, in this instance, the latter, is employed. The amount used is one gram mole, i.e., 182 grams, of anhydrous trimethylol phenol in 82 grams of water. This represents three equivalents of methylol groups. This solution is added dropwise with stirring to three gram moles (309 grams) of diethylene triamine dissolved in 100 ml. of xylene over about 30 minutes. An exothermic reaction takes place at this point but the temperature is maintained below approximately 60 C. The temperature is then raised so that distillation takes place with the removal of the predetermined amount of water, -i.e., the water of solution as well as water of reaction. The water of reaction represents 3 gram moles or 54 grams.

The entire procedure including the initial addition of the trimethylol phenol until the end of the reaction is approximately 6 hours. At the end of the reaction period the xylene is removed, using a vacuum of approximately 80 mm. The resulting product is a viscous water-soluble liquid of a dark red color.

Example 28a This example illustrates the reaction of a methylolmonophenol and a branched polyamine. A one liter flask is employed equipped with a conventional stirring device, thermometer, phase separating trap, condenser, heating mantle, etc. Polyamine N-400, 200' grams (0.50 mole), is placed in the flask and mixed with 150 grams of xylene. To this stirred mixture is added dropwise over a period of 15 minutes 44.0 grams (0.17 mole) of a 70% aqueous solution of 2,4,6-trimethylol phenol. There is no ap parent temperature change. The reaction mixture is then heated to 140 C., refluxed 45 minutes, and 24 milliliters of water is collected (the calculated amount of water is 22 milliliters). The product is a dark brown liquid (as a 68% xylene solution).

Example 2d This example illustrates the reaction of a methylol diphenol.

One mole of substantially water-free CH OH CHzOH l $H8 I l CH3 l CHzOH CHzOH and 4 moles of t-riethylenetetramine in 300 ml. of xylene are mixed with stirring. Although an exothermic reaction takes place during the mixing, the temperature is maintained below 60 C. The reaction mixture is then heated and azeotroped until the calculated amount (72 g.) of water is removed (4 moles of water of reaction). The maximum temperature is 150 C. and the total reaction time is 8 hours. Xylene is then removed under vacuum. The product is a viscous water-soluble liquid.

Example 5b In this example, 1 mole of substantially water-free HOCHr- -CH2OH 12 25 is reacted with 2 moles of Duomeen S (Armour Co.),

H R N-CH,oH2oH2NH2 where R is a fatty group derived from soya oil, in the manner of Example 2a. Xylene is used as both solvent and azeotroping agent. The reaction time is 8 hours and the maximum temperature 150-160 C.

15 Example 28b This experiment is carried out in the same equipment as is employed in Example 28a except that a 300 milliliter flask is used. Into the flask is placed 50 grams of xylene and 8.4 gnarns (0.05 mole) of 2,6-dimethy1ol-4-methylphenol are added. The resulting slurry is stirred and war-med up to C. Polyamine N-400, 40.0 grams (0.10 mole) is added slowly over a period of 45 minutes. Solution takes place upon the addition of the polyamine. The reaction mixture is refluxed for about 4 hours at C. and 1.8 milliliters of water is collected, the calculated amount. The product, as a xylene solution, is a brown liquid.

Example 2% This experiment is carried out in the same equipment and in the same manner as is employed in Example 28b. To a slurry of 10.5 grams (0.05 mole) of 2,6-dirnethylol- 4-tertiarybutylphenol in 50 grams of xylene, 40 grams (0.10 mole) of Polyamine N-400 are added all at once with stirring and the mixture is heated and refluxed at 140 C. for 4 hours with the collection of 1.6 milliliters of Water. The calculated amount of water is 1.8 milliliters. The product, as a xylene solution, is reddish brown.

Example 30b This experiment is carried out in the same equipment and in the same manner as is employed in Example 28b. To a slurry of 14.0 grams of 2,6-dimethylol-4-nonylphenol in 50 milliliters of benzene, 40.0 grams (0.10 mole) of Polyamine N-400 are added all at once with stirring and the mixture is heated and refluxed at 140 C. for 6 hours with the collection of 1.8 milliliters of water. The calculated amount of water is 1.8 milliliters. The product, as a xylene solution, is dark brown.

The following amino-methylol condensates shown in Tables I-lV are prepared in the manner of Examples la, 2d, and 5b. In each case one mole of polyamine per equivalent of methylol group on the phenol is reacted and the reaction carried out until, taking into consideration the water originally present, about one mole of Water is removed for each equivalent of methylol group present on the phenol.

The pH of the reaction mixture is determined solely by the reactants (i.e., no inorganic base, such as Ca(OH) NaOH, etc. or other extraneous catalyst is present). Examples la, 2d, and 5b are also shown in the tables. Attempts are made in the examples to employ commercially available materials Where possible.

In the following tables the examples will be numbered by a method which will describe the nature of the product. The polyamine-methylol condensate will have a basic number, for example, 1a, 4b, 6c, 4d, wherein those in the A series are derived from TMP, the B series from DMP, the C series from trimethylol cardanol and side chain hydrogenated cardanol (i.e., hydrocardanol), and the d series from the tetramethylol diphenols. The basic number always refers to the same amino condensate. The symbol A before the basic number indicates that the polyamine had been acylated prior to condensation. The symbol A after the basic number indicates that acylation takes place after condensation.

A2511 means that the 25a (amino condensate) was prepared from an amine which had been acylated prior to condensation. However, 10aA means that the condensate was acylated after condensation. The symbol 0 indicates oxyalkylation. Thus IOaAO indicates that the amine condensate 1011 has been acylated (lOaA), followed by oxyalkylation. IOaAOA means that the same condensate, 10a, has been acylated (10aA), then oxyalkylated (IOaAO) and then acylated. In other Words, these symbols indicate both kind and order of treatment.

Examples of polyamines having hydroxylated groups include the following:

CH3 CH3 Suitable cyclic amidines include HNR wherein R is a hydrocarbon group,

where x: 1-5.

Z-undecylimidazoline Z-heptadecylimidazoline 2-oleylimidazoline l-N-decylaminoethyl, 2-ethylimidazoline Z-methyl, 1-hexadecylaminoethylaminoethylimidazoline 1-dodecylaminopropylimidazoline 1- (stearoyloxyethyl) aminoethylimidazoline l-stearamidoethylaminoethylimidazoline 2-heptadecyl, 4-5-dimethylimidazoline 1-dodecylaminohexylimidazoline 1-stearoyloxyethylaminohexylimidazoline 2-heptadecyl, l-methylaminoethyl tetrahydropyrimidine 4-methyl, 2-dodecyl, l-methylaminoethylarninoethyl tetrahydropyrimidine N-CH 111135 NCH2 l CzHaOH C zHrgN As previously stated, there must be reacted at least one mole of polyamine per equivalent of methylol group. The upper limit to the amount of amine present Will be determined by convenience and economics, for example, 1 or more moles of polyamine per equivalent of methylol group can be employed.

The following examples are illustrative of the preparation of the polyaminomethylol phenol condensate and are not intended for purposes of limitation.

The following general procedure is employed in preparing the polyamine-methylol condensate. The methylolphenol is generally mixed or slowly added to the polyamine in ratios of 1 mole of polyarnine per equivalent of methylol group on the phenol. However, where the polyamine is added to the methylolphenol, addition is carried out below 60 C. until at least one mole of polyamine per methylol group has been added. Enough of a suitable azeotroping agent is then added to remove Water (benzene, toluene, or Xylene) and heat applied. After removal of the calculated amount of water from the reaction mixture (one mole of water per equivalent of methylol group) heating is stopped and the azeotroping agent is evaporated off under vacuum. Although the reaction takes place at room temperature, higher temperatures are required to complete the reaction. Thus, the temperature during the reaction generally varies from l60 C. and the time from 4-24 hours. In general, the reaction can be effected in the lower time range employing higher tem- PCDEIHMCS. However, the time test of completion of reaction is the amount of water removed.

Example 1a This example illustrates the reaction of a methylolmonophenol and a polyamine. A liter flask is employed with a conventional stirring device, thermometer phase TABLE IVCntinued Example R Polyamine 17d Methyl Duomeen S (Armour Co.)

E R.NCHzCHiC 2N 2 (R derived from says 011) 18d do Duomeen T (Armour 00.)

H R N CHflOH2CH2NHfl (R derived from tallow) 19d do Oxyethylated Duomeen S H GflHAOH R-NCH1OH2CH2N\ 20d do Oxyethylated Duomeen T CzHiOH H RNCH2CH2CH2N\ 21d d0 Amine ODT (Monsanto) H C 121125-g-O QHQN-O QHAH N2 22d .do Oxyethylated Amine ODT H O H4OH 12 zg 2H4N- 2H4N 23d "do N-(2-hydroxyethy1)-2-methy1-1,2-propanediamine. 24d do N -methyl ethylene diamine.

The products formed in the above Table IV are dark, viscous liquids.

THE ACYLATING AGENT As in the reaction between the methylol phenol and the secondary amine, acylation is also carried out under dehydrating conditions, i.e., water is removed. Any of the well-known methods of acylation can be employed. For example, heat alone, heat and reduced pressure, heat in combination with an azeotroping agent, etc., are all satisfactory.

A wide variety of acylating agents can be employed. However, strong acylating agents such as acyl halides, or acid anhydrides should be avoided since they are capable of esterifying phenolic hydroxy groups, a feature which is undesirable.

Although a wide variety of carboxylic acids produce excellent products, in our experience monocarboxy acids having more than 6 carbon atoms and less than 40 carbon atoms give most advantageous products. The most common examples include the detergent forming acids, i.e., those acids which combine with alkalies to produce soap or soap-like bodies. The detergent-forming acids, in turn, include naturally-occurring fatty acids, resin acids, such as abietic acid, naturally occurring petroleum acids, such as naphthenic acids, and carboxy acids, produced by the oxidation of petroleum. As will be subsequently indi cated, there are other acids which have somewhat similar characteristics and are derived from somewhat different sources and are different in structure, but can be included in the broad generic term previously indicated.

Suitable acids include straight chain and branched chain, saturated and unsaturated, aliphatic, alicyclic, fatty, aromatic, hydroaromatic, and aralkyl acids, etc.

Examples of saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids are acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, caproic, heptanoic, caprylic, nonanoic, capric, undecanoic, lauric, tridecanoic, myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, heptadecanoic, stearic, nonadecanoic, eicosanoic, heneicosanoic, docosanoic, tricosanoic, tetracosanoic, pentacosanoic, cerotic, heptacosanoic, montanic, nonacosanoic, melissic and the like.

Examples of ethylenic unsaturated aliphatic acids are acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, angelic, tiglic, the pentenoic acids, the hexenoid acids, for example, hydrosorbic acid, the heptenoic acids, the octenoic aicds, the nonenoic acids, the decenoic acids, for example, obtusilic acid, the undecenoic acids, the dodecenoic acids, for example, lauroleic, linderic, etc., the tridecenoic acids, the tetradecenoic acids, for example, myristoleic acid, the pentadecenoic acids, the hexadecenoic acids, for example, palmitoleic acid, the heptadecenoic acids, the octodecenoic acids, for example, petrosilenic acid, oleic acid, elardic acid, the nonadecenoic acids, for example, the eicosenoic acids, the docosenoic acids, for example, erucic acid, brassidic acid, cetoleic acid, the tetracosenoic acids, and the like.

Examples of dienoic acids are the pentadienoic acids, the hexadienoic acids, for example, sorbic acid, the octadienoic acids, for example, linoleic, and the like.

Examples of the trienoic acids are the octadecatrienoic acids, for example, linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, pseudoeleostearic acid, and the like.

Carboxylic acids containing functional groups such as hydroxy groups can be employed. Hydroxy acids, particularly the alpha hydroxy acids include glycolic acid, lactic acid, the hydroxyvaleric acids, the hydroxy caproic acids, the hydroxyheptanoic acids, the hydroxy caprylic acids, the hydroxynonanoic acids, the hydroxycapric acids, the hydroxydecanoic acids, the hydroxy lauric acids, the hydroxy tridecanoic acids, the hydroxymyristic acids, the hydroxypentadecanoic acids, the hydroxypalmitic acids, the hydroxyhexadecanoic acids, the hydroxyheptadecanoic acids, the hydroxy stearic acids, the hydroxyoctadecenoic acids, for example, ricinoleic acid, ricinelardic acid, bydroxyoctadecenoic acids, for example, ricinstearolic acid, the hydroxyeicosanoic acids, for example, hydroxyarachidic acid, the hydroxydocosanoic acids, for example, hydroxybehenic acid, and the like.

Examples of acetylated hydroxyacids are ricinoleyl lactic acid, acetyl ricinoleic acid, chloroacetyl ricinoleic acid, and the like.

Examples of the cyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids are those found in petroleum called .naphthenic acids, hydrocarpic and chaulmoogric acids, cyclopentane carboxylic acids, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, campholic acid, fencholic acids, and the like.

Examples of aromatic monocarboxylic acids are benzoic acid, substituted benzoic acids, for example, the toluic acids, the xylenic acids, alkoxy benzoic acid, phenyl benzoic acid, naphthalene carboxylic acid, and the like.

Mixed higher fatty acids derived from animal or vegetable sources, for example, lard, cocoanut oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, palm kernel oil, pah'n oil, olive oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, sardine oil, tallow, soya-bean oil, peanut oil, castor oil, seal oils, whale oil, shark oil, and other fish oils, teaseed oil, partially or completely hydrogenated animal and vegetable oils are advantageously employed. Fatty and similar acids include those derived from various waxes, such as beeswax, spermaceti, montan wax, Japan wax, coccerin and carnauba wax. Such acids include carnaubic acid, cerotic acid, lacceric acid, montanic acid, ,psyllastearic acid, etc. One may also employ higher molecular weight carboxylic acids derived by oxidation and other methods, such as from parafiin wax, petroleum and similar hydrocarbons; resinic and hydroaromatic acids, such as hexahydrobenzoic acid, hydrogenated naphthoic, hydrogenated carboxy diphenyl, naphthenic, and abietic acid; Twitchell fatty acids, carboxydiphenyl pyridine carboxylic acid, blown oils, blown oil fatty acids and the like.

Other suitable acids include phenylstearic acid, benzoylnonylic acid, cetyloxybutyric acid, cetyloxyacetic acid, chlorstearic acid, etc.

Examples of the polycarboxylic acids are those of the aliphatic series, for example, oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic, sebacic, nonanedicarboxylic acid, decanedicarboxylic acids, undecanedicarboxylic acids, and the like.

Examples of unsaturated aliphatic polyacrboxylic acids are fumaric, maleic, mesacenic, citraconic, glutaconic, itaconic, muconic, aconitic acids, and the lie.

Examples of aromatic polycarboxylic acids are phthalic, isophthalic acids, terephthalic acids, substituted derivatives thereof (e.g., alkyl, chloro, alkoxy, etc. derivatives), biphenyldicarboxylic acid, diphenylether dicarboxylic acids, diphenylsulfone dicarboxylic acids and the like.

Higher aromatic polycarboxylic acids containing more than two carboxylic groups are hemimellitic, trimellitic, trimesic, mellophanic, prehnitic, pyromellitic acids, mellitic acid, and the like.

Other polycarboxylic acids are the dimeric, trimeric and polymeric acids, for example, dilinoleic trilinoleic, and other polyacids sold by Emery Industries, and the like. Other polycarboxylic acids include those containing ether groups, for example, diglycolic acid. Mixtures of the above acids can be advantageously employed.

In addition, acid precursors such as esters, glycerides, etc. can be employed in place of the free acid.

The moles of acylating agent reacted with the polyaminomethyl compound will depend on the number of acetylation reactive positions contained therein as well as the number of moles one wishes to incorporate into the molecule. We have advantageously reacted 1 to 15 moles of acylating agent per mole of polyaminophenol, but preferably 3 to 6 moles.

The following examples are illustrative of the preparation of the acylated polyaminomethyl phenol condensate.

The following general procedure is employed in acylating. The condensate is mixed with the desired ratio of acid and a suitable azeotroping agent is added. Heat is then applied. After the removal of the calculated amount of water (1 to 2 equivalents per mole of acid employed), heating is stopped and the azeotroping agent is evaporated under vacuum. The temperature during the reaction can vary from 80200 C. (except where the formation of the cyclic amidine type structure is desired and the maximum temperature is generally 200280 C.). The times range from 4 to 24 hours. Here again, the true test of the degree of reaction is the amount of water removed.

Example 311A In a 5 liter, 3 necked flask furnished with a stirring de vice, thermometer, phase separating trap, condenser and heating mantle, 697 grams of 3a (one mole of the TMP- tetraethylene pentamine reaction product) is dissolved in 600 ml. of xylene. 846 grams of oleic acid (3 moles) is added to the TMP-polyamine condensate with stirring in ten minutes. The reaction mixture was then heated gradually to about 145 in half an hour and then held at about 160 over a period of 3 hours until 54 grams (3 moles) of water is collected in the side of the tube. The solvent is then removed with gentle heating under a reduced pressure of approximately 20 mm. The product is a dark brown viscous liquid with a nitrogen content of 145% Example 3aA The prior example is repeated except that the final reaction temperature is maintained at 240 C. and 90 grams (5 moles) of water is removed instead of 54 grams. Infra red analysis of the product indicates. the presence of a cyclic amidine ring.

Example 7aA The reaction product of Example 7a (TMP and oxyethylated Duomeen S) is reacted with palmitic acid in the manner of Example 3aA. A xylene soluble product is formed.

The following examples of acylated polyaminomethyl phenol condensates are prepared in the manner of the above examples. The products obtained are dark viscous hqulds' Example 28aA Into a 300 milliliter flask, fitted with a stirring device, thermometer, phase separating trap, condenser and heating mantle, is placed a xylene solution of the product of 24 Example 28a containing 98.0 grams (0.05 mole) of the reaction product of 2,4,6-trimethylolphenol and Polyamine N-400 and about 24 grams of xylene. To this solution is added with stirring 30.0 grams (0.15 mole) of lauric acid. The reaction mixture is heated for about one hour at a maximum reaction temperature of 190 C. and 6 milliliters of water are collected. The calculated amount of water for imidazoline formation is 5.4 milliliters. The resulting product as an 88 percent xylene solution is a dark brown thick liquid.

Example 2811A Into a 300 milliliter flask, fitted with a stirring device, thermometer, phase separating trap, condenser and heating mantle is placed a xylene solution of the product of Example 28b containing 35.0 grams (0.025 mole) of the reaction product of 2,6-dimethylol-4-methylphenol and Polyamine N400 and about 20 grams of xylene. To this solution is added with stirring 14.1 grams (0.05 mole) of oleic acid. The reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 4.5 hours at a maximum temperature of 183 C. and 1.0 milliliters of Water is collected, the calculated amount of Water for amide formation being 0.9 milliliter. The produce is a dark burgundy liquid (as 70.5% xylene solution).

Example 2917A This experiment is performed in the same equipment and in the same manner as employed in Example 28bA. Into the flask is placed a xylene solution of the product of Example 2% containing 40.9 grams (0.025 mole) of the reaction product of 2,6-dirnethyl-4-tertiarybutyl phenol and Polyamine N400 and about 47 grams of xylene. T 0 this solution is added with stirring 7.2 grams (0.05 mole) of octanoic acid. The reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 3.75 hours at a maximum temperature of 154 C. and 1.3 milliliters of water is collected. The calculated amount of water for amide formation is 0.9 milliliter. The product as a 49.82 percent xylene solution was brown.

Example 30bA This experiment is performed in the same manner and in the same equipment as is employed in Example 28bA. Into the flask is placed a xylene solution of the product of Example 30b containing 39.6 grams (0.025 mole) of the reaction product of 2,6-dimethylol-4-nonylphenol and Polyamine N-400 and about 32 grams of xylene. To this solution is added with stirring 14.2 grams (0.05 mole) of stearic acid. The reaction mixture is heated at reflux for 4 hours at a maximum temperature of 160 C. and 1.0 milliliter of water is collected. The calculated amount of water for amide formation is 0.9 milliliter. The product as a 62.5% xylene solution is a brown liquid.

TABLE V.ACYLATED PRODUCTS OF TABLE I Grams of acid per Grams of Example Acid gram-moles water reoi condenmoved sate 846 54 316 36 846 54 846 852 54 600 54 684 54 768 54 222 54 1,800 54 846 54 846 54 990 54 846 54 1,536 108 846 54 1,692 108 1, 692 108 846 54 180 54 28aA Laurie 600 Dilinoleic acid sold by Emery Industries. Also employed in examples of Tables VI, VII and VIII.

Na.phthenic acid sold by Sun Oil Company, average molecular weight 220230.

TABLE VL-AOYLA'IED PRODUCTS OF TABLE II Grams of acid per gram-mole of condensate Grams of water removed Example Acid do Sunaptic acid Oleic Stearir- 1 2 See footnotes at bottom of Table V.

1 2 See footnotes at bottom of Table V.

TABLE VIII.ACYLATED PRODUCTS OF TABLE IV Grams of acid used per grammole of condensate Grams of water removed Example Acid 24riA 1 Z See footnotes at bottom of Table V.

Reference has been made and reference will be continued to be made herein to oxyalkylation procedures. Such procedures are concerned with the use of monoepoxides and principally those available commercially at low cost, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide, octylene oxide, styrene oxide, etc.

oxyalkylation is well known. For purpose of brevity reference is made to Parts 1 and 2 of US. Patent No. 2,792,371, dated May 14, 1957, to Dickson, in which parto a larger autoclave (capacity 15 liters).

Example .ZaAO

The reaction vessel employed is a 4 liter stainless steel autoclave equipped with the usual devices for heating and heat control, a stirrer, inlet and outlet means, etc., which are conventional in this type of apparatus. The stirrer is operated at a speed of 250 rpm. Into the autoclave is charged 1230 grams (1 mole), of MA, and 500 grams of xylene. The autoclave is sealed, swept with nitrogen, stirring started immediately, and heat applied. The temperature is allowed to rise to approximately C. at which time the addition of ethylene oxide is started. Ethylene oxide is added continuously at such speed that it is absorbed by the reaction mixture as added. During the addition 132 grams (3 moles) of ethylene oxide is added over 2% hours at a temperature of 100 C. to C. and a maximum pressure of 30 p.s.i.

Example MA 0 The reaction mass of Example 1A0 is transferred to a larger autoclave (capacity 15 liters) similarly equipped. Without adding any more xylene the procedure is repeated so as to add another 264 grams (6 moles) of ethylene oxide under substantially the same operating conditions but requiring about 3 hours for the addition.

Example 1aAO In a third step, another 264 grams (6 moles) of ethylene oxide is added to the product of Example 1aAO The reaction slows up and requires approximately 6 hours using the same operating temperatures and pressures.

Example laAO,

At the end of the third step the autoclave is opened and 25 grams of sodium methylate is added, the autoclave is flushed out as before, and the fourth and final oxyalkylation is completed, using 1100 grams (25 moles) of ethylene oxide. The oxyalkylation is completed within 6 /2 hours, using the same temperature range and pressure as previously.

Example 1aA0 The reaction vessel employed is the same as that used in Example laAO. Into the autoclave is charged 1230 g.

(1 mole) of MA and 500 grams of xylene. The auto clave is sealed, swept with nitrogen, stirring is started immediately, and heat is applied. The temperature is allowed to rise to approximately 100 C. at which time the addition of propylene oxide is started. Propylene oxide is added continuously at such speed that it is absorbed by the reaction mixture as added. During the addition 174 g. (3 moles) of propylene oxide are added over 2 /2 hours at a temperature of 100 to 120 C. and a maximum pressure of 30 lbs. p.s.i.

Example 1aA0 The reaction mass of Example 1aAO is transferred The procedure is repeated so as to add another 174 g. (3 moles) of propylene oxide under substantially the same operating conditions but requiring about 3 hours for the addition.

Example 1aA0 At the end of the second step (Example 1aAO the autoclave is opened, 25 g. of sodium methylate is 2? 28 added, and the autoclave is flushed out as before. Oxy- TABLE X*% PRODUCTS OF alkylation is continued as before until another 522 g. (9 moles) of propylene oxide are added. 8 hours are required to complete the reaction. E l

The following examples of oxyalkylation are carried 5 XanllPe out in the manner of the examples described above. A Eto Pro Buo 2%? 325 catalyst is used in the case of oxyethylation after the initial 15 moles of ethylene oxide are added, while in the case of oxypropylation, the catalyst is used after the initial 6 moles of oxide are added. In the case of oxy- 10 butylation, oxyoctylation, oxystyrenation, etc. the catalyst is added at the beginning of the operation. In all cases the amount of catalyst is about 1 percent of the total reactant present. The oxides are added in the order given reading from left to right. The results are presented in the following tables:

Grams of oxide added per gram-mole of condensate TABLE IX.THE OXYALKYLATED PRODUCTS OF TABLE I Grams of oxide added per gram-mole of condensate Example EtO PrO BuO Oetylene Styrene oxide oxide TABLE XIII.THE OXYALKYLATED PRODUCTS OF TABLE V Grams of oxide added per gram-mole of condensate Example EtO PrO BuO Oetylene Styrene oxide oxide TABLE X.THE OXYALKYLATED PRODUCTS OF TABLE II Grams of oxide added per gram-mole of condensate Example EtO PrO BuO Octylene Styrene oxide oxide TABLE XIV.THE OXYALKYLATED PRODUCTS OF TABLE VI Grams of oxide added per grammole 0i aeylatcd pro TABLE XI.THE OXYALKYLATED PRODUCTS OF duct TABLE III Example EtO PrO BuO Oetylene Styrene Grams of oxide added per gram-mole of condensate oxide oxide Example EtO PrO BuO TABLE XV.THE OXYALKYLATED'PRODUOTS OF TABLE VI Grams of oxide added per gram-mole of acylated product Example EtO PrO BuO Styrene oxide TABLE XVI.-THE OXYALKYLATED PRODUCTS OF TABLE VII Grams of oxide added per gram-mole of acylated product Example EtO PrO BuO Octylene Styrene 3 oxide oxide Since the oxyalkylated, and the acylated and oxyalkylated products have terminal hydroxy groups, they can be acylated. This step is carried out in the manner previously described for acylation. These examples are illustrative and not limiting.

Example laAOA The process of the immediately previous example is repeated using laAO. The product laAOA is Xylene soluble.

Additional examples are presented in the following tables. All of the products are dark, viscous liquids.

TABLE XVIL-THE AGYLATEDXIZEQODUOTS OF TABLES IX,

Grams water removed Example Acid TABLE XVIII.-THE ACYLAIED PRODUCTS OF TABLES XIII, XIV, XV, XVI

Grams of acid per Grams Example Acid gram-mole water of oxyremoved alkylated product USE IN EMULSION FLUIDS FOR DRILLING WELLS This phase of the invention relates to the use of the aforementioned compounds in producing an improved drilling fluid useful in drilling oil and gas wells.

Fluids commonly used for the drilling of oil and gas wells are of two general types: water-base drilling fluids comprising, for example, a clay suspended in water, and oil-base drilling fluids comprising, for example, a clay or calcium carbonate suspended in mineral oil.

A third type of drilling fluid, which has recently been developed, is one of oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions, for example, emulsions of mineral oil in water or water in mineral oil formed by means of emulsifiers such as: sulfuric acid; Turkey-red oil; soaps of fatty acids, for example, sodium oleate; emulsoid colloids, for example starch, sodium alginate, etc. Varying amounts of finelydivided clay, silica, calcium carbonate, blown asphalt, and other materials may be added to these emulsions to improve their properties and control their weight.

The use of drilling emulsions has several advantages over the use of either water-base or oil-base drilling fluids.

Drilling emulsions are generally superior to water-base drilling fluids in forming a very thin and substanially fluidimpervious mudsheath on the walls of a borehole, in eliminating fluid loss to the formation and contamination of producing formations by an aqueous liquid, etc,

Drilling emulsions are generally superior to oil-base drilling fluids from the point of view of cost, of ease of handling, of suitability for electrical logging, etc.

The disadvantage for general use of drilling emulsions is, however, their lack of stability in the presence of even moderately high concentrations of electrolytes such as brines entering the borehole from the formation and becoming admixed to the drilling fluid.

Thus, drilling emulsions, formed by means of the emulsifiers listed above break down immediately or after a few hours of use or storage upon contamination with small concentrations of electrolytes, such as, for example, a 1% solution of sodium chloride. However, the present compounds provide an improved oil and water drilling emulsion or fluid which is substantially stable in the presence of contaminating formation salts or brines.

This phase of the present invention relates to drilling fluids of improved characteristics prepared by forming emulsions comprising oil, water, the compounds of this invention and, if desired various amounts of finely-divided clay, silica, calcium carbonate, and other materials to control the properties or Weight of the drilling fluid.

Of the two general types of oil and water emulsion, i.e., oil-in-Water and water-in-oil emulsions, the present invention is primarily concerned with oil-in-water emulsions where the oil is present in the dispersed phase while the water forms the continuous phase.

Various methods may be selectively used in forming well drilling emulsions by means of the agents of the present invention.

If it is desired to prepare a very light or low specific gravity drilling emulsion, a mineral oil, such as crude oil, gas oil, diesel oil, etc., is emulsified directly in water by means of a high speed hopper or a jet device, such as a so-called mud-gun, in the presence of a relatively small quantity, such as from 0.5 to 5% by weight or higher but preferably 3 to 3% by weight, based on the weight of oil plus water, of the compounds of this invention. Depending on the specific gravity of the mineral oil, which should preferably be of a range from to 40 A.P.I., and on the particular specific gravity of the drilling emulsion which it is thus desired to obtain for a particular purpose, for example, for drilling through low pressure formations, the proportion in which oil is emulsified in water can be varied within fairly Wide limits, although a ratio of about to 50% by volume of the mineral oil to about 75 to 50% of Water has been found to give especially favorable results.

Although in the above instances the present emulsions include only the three components described, that is, water, mineral oil and the emulsifying agent, various other components may be added thereto, if desired, for the purpose of controlling specific properties of the emulsions.

Thus, if it is desired to improve their plastering properties and thus to minimize the so-called filtering losses of the fluid to the formation, a blown asphalt can be added to the emulsion, and preferably to the mineral oil prior to emulsification, in relatively small quantities such as from 5 to 15% on the weight of the mineral oil, as described in Patent No. 2,223,027.

If it is desired to give a greater consistency to the pres ent emulsions and to increase their capacity for carrying dnill cuttings, a finely-divided solid and preferably a colloidal material can be admixed with the emulsions, preferably during the emulsification process, to form a stable three-phase emulsion. Thus bentonite may be added in amounts of from 1 to 5% by weight, or ordinary drilling clay in amounts from 1 to by weight on the total weight of the emulsion.

Furthermore, the weight or specific gravity of the present emulsions can be accurately controlled by adding thereto, in a suitably comminuted form, any desired weighting material such as calcium carbonate, barytes, iron oxide, galena, etc. These materials have been found to remain stably suspended in the present emulsions while maintaining the specific gravity thereof within any desired range, such as from 67 to 120 lbs. per cubic foot.

d'dil Since the present emulsions are used on drilling installations wherein a drilling fluid of either the water-base or the oil-base type is usually already available, it has been found advantageous to apply the emulsifying agents of the present invention in forming drilling emulsions with these drilling fluids as starting material.

Thus, a water-base drilling fluid comprising Water and clay and having a weight such, for example, as 86 lbs. per cubic foot, can be mixed with approximately 25 to 50% by volume of a heavy crude oil with the addition of 2.0 to 3.0% (calculated on the weight of the total mixture) of the instant compounds to give a stable emulsion having a weight of approximately 82 to 72 lbs. per cubic foot.

Likewise, an oil-base drilling fluid comprising, for ex-- ample, crude oil or a diesel oil and calcium carbonate suspended therein by means of agents such as tall oil and sodium silicate or hydroxide, as described in Patent No. 2,350,154 and having a Weight such, for example, as 78 lbs. per cubic foot, may be mixed with approximately from one to three times its volume of water and emulsified therewith with the addition of the instant compounds to give a stable emulsion having a weight of approximately to 66 lbs. per cubic foot.

In this connection, it is especially important to note that the emulsifying action of the present compounds is not in any Way impaired by the chemical compounds which are ordinarily used in controlling the viscosity, stability or other properties of such water-base or oil-base drilling fluids.

The drilling emulsions formed in the ways described hereinabove have the following advantages over Waterbase and oil base drilling fluids; (1) they are considerably less expensive than oil-base drilling fluids so that drilling costs are greatly decreased; (2) their plastering properties are much superior to those of water-base drill ing fluids and compare favorably with those of oil-base drilling fluids so that filtering losses to the formation are greatly minimized; (3) they are better adapted than oilbase drilling fluids for surveying wells by electrical logging methods; (4) greater drilling speeds can in general be realized with the drilling emulsions of the present type than with either water-base or oil-base drilling fluids.

The following examples are presented to illustrate the present invention.

Example DRILLING FLUID ADDITIVES Weight of oxides added to I (grams) Ex. No.

Hi0 eliminated Reactauts (grams) (grams) None.

72 Do. Do. Do.

EtO (264).

None.

EtO (132).

EtO (440).

None.

EtO (440).

None.

2d (832)+oleic acid (1128) 4d (772)-l-oleic acid (1128) 13d (688)+lauric acid (800) 16d (800)+lauric acid (800) amt DRILLING FLUID ADDITIVE SCo11tinued Weight of oxides added EX.N0. to I in alphabetical H2O elimorder (grams) Reactants (grams) inated (grams) 1716 28a (1960) (A) PrO (580). l7-17 28a (19fi0)+1auric acid 120 (A) PrO (116) (600). (B) EtO 1320). 17-18... 28:(i2(g4(S3054)+stearicacid 18 17-19 2saAoi. 1720 28!) (1400) E'tO (1980). 17-21--- 28%)56 4()1400)+01eic acid 40 EtO (2640). 17-22 28bAOii 1723 2911(1635) (A) PrO (522) (B) EtO (1980).

1724 i 291(128 2()1635)+01G1C acid 18 EtO (1320). 17-25--- 29bO 2655)+oleic acid 18 (282). 17-26--- 29bAOA 17-27--- 30b (1580) 13110 (2200). 1728 30I() (1580)+Stearic acid 40 1729 30b (15 80)+stearic acid 40 (A) PrO (464) 569 (B) EtO (1320). 1730 30bAOA We claim:

1. A drilling fluid for wells containing an emulsion of water and oil, a finely divided solid weighting material dispersed in said emulsion, and .a minor amount of a member selected from the group consisting of:

(1) acylated, (2) oxyalkylated, (3) acylated then oxyalkylated, (4) oxyalkylated then acylated, acyl-ated, then oxyalkylated and then :acylated, monomeric polyaminomethyl phenols characterized by reacting :a preformed methylol phenol having one to tour methylol groups in the 2, 4, 6 position with a polyamine containing at least one secondary amine group in amounts of at least one mole of secondary polyamine per equivalent of methylol group on the phenol until one mole of water per equivalent of methylol group is removed, in the absence of an extraneous catalyst; and then reacting the thus tfonmed monomeric polyaminomethyl phenol with a member selected trom the group consisting of (1) an aoylation agent, (2) an oxyaikylation agent, (3) an acylation then an oxyalkylation agent, (4) an oxya-lkylation then an acylation agent, and (5) an acylation then an oxyalkylation and then .311 acylation agent, the preformed methylol phenol having only functional groups selected from the class consisting of methylol groups and phenolic groups, the polyamine having only functional groups selected from the class consisting of primary amino groups, secondary amino groups 'and hydroxyl groups, the acylation agent having up to 40 carbon atoms and being selected trom the class consisting of unsubstituted carboxylic acids, unsubstituted hydroxy car- !boxylic acids, unsubstituted .acylated hydroxy carboxylic acids, lower .alkanol esters of unsubstituted carboxylic acids, glycerides of runswbstituted carboxylic acids, unsubstituted canboxylic acid chlorides and unsubstituted canboxylic acid anhydrides, and the oxyalkylation agent being selected (from the class consisting of alpha-beta alkylene oxides and. styrene oxide.

2. The drilling fluid or" claim 1 where the preformed methylol phenol has all available ortho and para positions substituted with methylol groups.

3. The drilling fluid of claim 1 where the prcr'ormed methylol phenol is 2,4,6-trimethylol phenol.

4. The dri ling fluid of claim 1 where the polyamine is an aliphatic polyamine.

5. The drilling fluid of claim 1 Where the polyamine is a polyalkylene polyarnine.

6. The drilling fluid of claim 1 Where the acylation agent is a monocarboxy acid having 7 to 39 carbon atoms.

7. The drilling fluid or claim 1 where the oxyalkylation agent is at least one 1,2-alkylene oxide.

8. The drilling fluid of claim 1 where the preformed methylol phenol is 2,4,6-trimethylol phenol, the poly- .amine is a polyalkylene polyamine, the acylation agent is a monocarboxy acid having 7 to 39 carbon atoms, and the oxyalkylation agent is at least one 1,2-alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

9. The drilling fluid of claim 1 where the member is an acylated monomeric polyaminomethyl phenol.

10. The drilling fluid of claim 1 where the member is an acylated then oxyallcylated monomeric polyaminomethyl phenol.

11. The drilling fluid of claim 9 Where the preformed methylol phenol is 2,4,6-trimethylol phenol, the polyamine is a polyalkylene polyamine, and the acylation agent is a monocarboxy acid having 7 to 39 carbon atoms.

12. The drilling fluid of claim 10 Where the preformed methylol phenol is 2,4,6-tmimethylol phenol, the polyamine is a polyalkylene polyamine, the acylation agent is a monocarboxy acid having 7 to 39 carbon atoms, and the oxyalkylation agent is at least one 1,2-alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

13. The drilling fluid of claim 11 where the preformed methylol phenol is 2,4,6-trimethylol phenol, the polyamine is diethylene triarnine, and the vacylation agent is lauric acid.

14. The drilling fluid of claim 11 where the preformed methylol phenol is 2,4,6-trimethylol phenol, the polyamine is triethylene tetramine, and the acylation agent is oleic acid.

15. The drilling fluid of claim 11 Where the preformed methylol phenol is 2,4,6-trin1ethylo1 phenol, the polyamine is triethylene tetramine, and the acylation agent is lauric acid.

16. The drilling fluid of claim 12 where the preformed methylol phenol is 2,4,6-trimethylol phenol, the polyamine is triethylene tetramine, the .acylation agent is oleic acid, and the oxyal'kylation agent is ethylene oxide.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 12,661,334 Lummus Dec. 1, 1953 2,907,791 Schmitz et al. Oct. 6, 1959 2,946,759 Gallant et al July 26, 1960 2,998,452 Bruson et al Aug. 29, 1961 OTHER REFERENCES Burdyn et 211.: That New Drilling Fluid for Hot Holes, article in the Oil and Gas Journal, September 10, 1956, pages 104107. 

1. A DRILLING FLUID FOR WELLS CONTAINING AN EMULSION OF WATER AND OIL, A FINELY DIVIDED SOLID WEIGHTING MATERIAL DISPERSED IN SAID EMULSION, AND A MINOR AMOUNT OF A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF: (1) ACYLATED, (2) OXYALKYLATED, (3) ACYLATED THEN OXYALKYLATED, (4) OXYALKYLATED THEN ACYLATED, (5) ACYLATED, THEN OXYALKYLATED AND THEN ACYLATED, MONOMERIC POLYAMINOMETHYL PHENOLS CHARACTERIZED BY REACTING A PREFORMED METHYLOL PHENOL HAVING ONE TO FOUR METHYLOL GROUPS IN THE 2, 4, 6 POSITION WITH A POLYAMINE CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE SECONDARY AMINE GROUP IN AMOUNTS OF AT LEAST ONE MOLE OF SECONDARY POLYAMINE PER EQUIVALENT OF METHYLOL GROUP ON THE PHENOL UNTIL ONE MOLE OF WATER PER EQUIVALENT OF METHYLOL GROUP IS REMOVED, IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EXTRANEOUS CATALYST; AND THEN REACTING THE THUS FORMED MONOMERIC POLYAMINOMETHYL PHENOL WITH A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF (1) AN ACYLATION AGENT, (2) AN OXYALKYLATION AGENT, (3) AN ACYLATION THEN AN OXYALKYLATION AGENT, (4) AN OXYALKYLATION THEN AN ACYLATION AGENT, AND (5) AN ACYLATION THEN AN OXYALKYLATION AND THEN AN ACYLATION AGENT, THE PREFORMED METHYLOL PHENOL HAVING ONLY FUNCTIONAL GROUPS SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF METHYLOL GROUPS AND PHENOLIC GROUPS, THE POLYAMINE HAVING ONLY FUNCTIONAL GROUPS SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF PRIMARY AMINO GROUPS, SECONDARY AMINO GROUPS AND HYDROXYL GROUPS, THE ACYLATION AGENT HAVING UP TO 40 CARBON ATOMS AND BEING SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF UNSUBSTITUTED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, UNSUBSTITUTED HYDROXY CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, UNSUBSTITUTED ACYLATED HYDROXY CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, LOWER ALKANOL ESTERS OF UNSUBSTITUTED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, GLYCERIDES OF UNSUBSTITUTED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, UNSUBSTITUTED CARBOXYLIC ACID CHLORIDES AND UNSUBSTITUTED CARBOXYLIC ACID ANHYDRIDES, AND THE OXYALKYLATION AGENT BEING SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF ALPHA-BETA ALKYLENE OXIDES AND STYRENE OXIDE. 